GLP-1 Explained: Purpose, Effects, Benefits & How it Works

GLP-1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide-1) is a hormone that plays a major role in blood sugar regulation, appetite control, and metabolism. It’s naturally produced in your gut and released after eating, but it's also available in synthetic medication form for treating type 2 diabetes and obesity.

What is GLP-1?

GLP-1 is a gut-derived incretin hormone. It:

• Stimulates insulin secretion (only when blood sugar is high)
• Inhibits glucagon release (a hormone that raises blood sugar)
• Slows gastric emptying (helps you feel full longer)
• Acts on the brain to reduce appetite

Purpose of GLP-1 Medications

GLP-1 receptor agonists mimic the hormone and are used to:

• Treat Type 2 Diabetes (e.g., Ozempic, Trulicity, Victoza)
• Aid weight loss (e.g., Wegovy, Saxenda)
• Improve cardiovascular outcomes in certain high-risk individuals

How does It Work?

• When you take a GLP-1 receptor agonist:
• It binds to GLP-1 receptors in your pancreas, brain, and stomach.
• Promotes insulin release in response to meals
• Suppresses glucagon, which prevents blood sugar spikes
• Slows digestion and reduces hunger signals from the brain

What the Benefits of GLP-1?

• Lower A1c levels (better blood sugar control)
• Weight loss (5–15% of body weight or more)
• Reduced appetite & cravings
• Cardiovascular protection (some forms reduce heart attack/stroke risk)
• May improve fatty liver disease and insulin resistance

Does It Actually Work?

Yes. Clinical trials and real-world data show that GLP-1 medications are effective:

• People with diabetes see significant improvements in blood sugar and A1c
• Obese individuals often lose substantial weight when combined with diet & exercise
• Long-term use shows sustained benefits (as long as the medication is continued)

 Side Effects of GLP-1

• Nausea (common at first)
• Vomiting, diarrhea, constipation
• Rare: Pancreatitis, gallbladder issues, thyroid tumors (in rodents)

Summary